Monitoring Land Use Changes and Their Future Prospects Using GIS and ANN-CA for Perak River Basin, Malaysia

Natural landscapes have changed significantly through anthropogenic activities, particularly in areas that are severely impacted by climate change and population expansion, such as countries Southeast Asia. It is essential for sustainable development, efficient water management practices, to know about the impact of land use cover (LULC) changes. Geographic information systems (GIS) remote sensing were used monitoring changes, whereas artificial neural network cellular automata (ANN-CA) modeling using quantum geographic (QGIS) was performed prediction LULC This study investigated changes Perak River basin years 2000, 2010, 2020. The also provides predictions future 2030, 2040, 2050. Landsat satellite images utilized monitor For classification images, maximum-likelihood supervised implemented. broad defines four main classes area, including (i) waterbodies, (ii) agricultural lands, (iii) barren urban (iv) dense forests. outcomes revealed a considerable reduction forests from year 2000 2020, substantial increase lands (up 547.39 km2) had occurred while has seen rapid rise. kappa coefficient assess validity classified with an overall 0.86, 0.88, 0.91 respectively. In addition, ANN-CA simulation results predicted will expand at expense other However, decrease occur area simulated years. successfully presents highlighting significant pattern basin. could be helpful administration planning region.